FOUR P’S AS ELEMENTS OF MARKETING

Buying, selling, market research, transportation, storage and advertising these are all part of the complex area of business known as marketing. In simple terms, marketing means the movement of goods and service from manufacturer to customer in order to satisfy the customer and to achieve the company’s objectives. Marketing can be divided into four main elements that are popularly known as the four P’s:

A.         Product

B.         Price

C.         Placement

D.        Promotion

Each one plays a vital role in the success or failure of the marketing operation.

A.        Product

The product element of marketing refers to the good or service that a company wants to sell. This often involves research and development a new product, research of the potential market, testing of product to insure quality and then introduction to the market.

B.        Price

A company next considers the price to charge for its product. There are three pricing options the company may take: above, with or below the prices that is competitors are charging. Most companies price with the market, selling their goods or services for average prices established by major producers in the industry. The producers who establish  these prices are known as market leader

C.        Placement

The third elements of marketing process are placements. It involves getting the product to the customer. It takes place through the channels of distribution.

D.       Promotion

Finally, communication about the product  take place between buy and seller. This communication between buyer and seller is known as promotion there are two major ways promotion occurs: through personal selling as in a department store; and through advertising, as in a newspaper or magazine, in online ext. The four elements of marketing  are product, price, placement, and promotion.

All of the elements are work together to develop a successful marketing operation that satisfies customer and achieves the company’s objectives. 

Michael D. Ruslim as an Astra’s Challenger CEO

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PT Astra International (ASII.JK), salah satu perusahaan terbesar di Indonesia baru saja kehilangan orang terkuatnya yaitu Michael D. Ruslim. Beliau adalah seorang Chief Executive Officer visioner yang suka tantangan sehingga banyak mengeksekusi bisnis-bisnis baru di Konglomerasi Astra hingga membawahi 118.000 karyawan. Selain itu juga merupakan “CEO Idaman 2008″ versi survey majalah warta ekonomi. Akankah kekosongan pucuk manajemen Astra ini mempengaruhi saham ASII ke depan? Atau Honda akan semakin disalip oleh Yamaha? Kita lihat dulu apakah ada sosok sekaliber beliau yang akan menggantikannya.

Sejauhmana peran almarhum Michael D. Ruslim dalam perubahan di Astra holding company? Mari kita tengok ide dan perjuangan serta komentar tokoh mengenai dirinya.

Ide dan Perjuangan

Tahun 1983-1989 mengawali karir di Astra sebagai asisten GM di divisi keuangan lalu menjadi GM.

Tahun 1983 ditugasi oleh William Soeryadjaya (pemilik Astra) dan Subagyo Wirjaatmodjo untuk membangun produk layanan keuangan di Astra termasuk car finance, motor cycle finance dan insurance.

Tahun 1986 mulai berteman dengan Edwin Soeryadjaya (putra pemilik). Dalam diskusinya dengan Edwin, Michael sering terbersit ide bagaimana agar bisnis Astra bisa berkontribusi bagi bangsa. Menurutnya Indonesia banyak jumlah penduduknya dan kaya akan sumber daya alam. Untuk itu harus ada industri untuk memenuhi basic needs seperti motor dan mobil serta consumer goods. Selain itu dia juga melihat opportunity di agribusiness. Michael berpendapat industri perkebunan akan banyak membuka lapangan pekerjaan dan berguna bagi pembangunan daerah. Ide-ide ini pada awalnya kurang populer karena pada waktu itu sektor perkebunan tidak profitable.

1989-1990 ditugasi oleh Edwin S. untuk membangun industri infrastruktur seperti telekomunikasi dan listrik. Michael berpendapat masalah infrastruktur di Indonesia sangat penting digarap karena bila tidak akan menghambat produksi dan ekspor, termasuk di dalamnya sarana pelabuhan yang kurang kondusif bagi ekspor. Menurutnya ekspor kendaraan dari Indonesia lebih lama 6 kali daripada dari Thailand.

1990-1991 ditugasi membawa Astra untuk IPO (Initial Public Offering) / go public.

1991 menjadi direksi Astra Infrastructure Group.

1997-1998 melakukan restrukturisasi utang dan bisnis Astra bersama Johny Darmawan (Toyota) dan Priyono Sugiharto (Daihatsu) serta Rini Soewandi (Honda).

2002-2005 Direktur Astra-Toyota Group & United Tractors. Vice President AI

2004-2005 Direktur Astra Agro Group.

Mei 2005-sekarang. President Director AI (Astra International)

Agustus 2005 Astra masuk bisnis operator jalan tol dengan menguasai 34 % saham PT Marga Mandalasakti.

September 2005 meresmikan pabrik ketiga join antara AHM dengan Honda Motor Co. (50:50) dengan investasi 150 juta dollar AS.

Oktober 2005 masuk ke jasa keuangan mobil lewat PT Toyota Astra Financial Services dan jasa keuangan alat berat lewat PT Komatsu Astra Finance. Di samping itu juga meningkatkan kapasitas produksi PT Astra Daihatsu Motor dengan investasi 10 juta dollar AS.

Desember 2005 masuk ke bisnis angkutan dengan mengakuisisi 35% saham PT Toyo Fuji Logistic

2006 mendirikan Surya Artha Nusantara untuk pembiayaan alat-alat berat dari United Tractors.

2006 Menurut Michael, Astra harus melakukan fungsi sosialnya dengan good governance dan corporate social responsilbility (CSR) sebagai bagian dari komunitas. Jadi Astra tidak sekedar menyumbang tetapi ada program yang berkelanjutan.

Februari 2008 mengawali program kampanye hijau Astra “satu karyawan, satu pohon” dengan menanam pohon kepel di kompleks Astra. Program ini diikuti dengan penanaman 116.867 pohon di seluruh Indonesia.

Oktober 2009 Menurut Michael, net income AI turun 3,6 persen dari 7,4 triliun menjadi 7,1 triliun karena kinerja sektor agribisnis yang kurang baik.

20 Januari 2010 Michael D. Ruslim meninggal dunia di Singapura. Beliau awalnya sakit Demam Berdarah lalu komplikasi ginjal dan diabetes

Sumber :  http://ekonomi.kompasiana.com

Komentar :

Kepergian  Michael D. Ruslim selaku Chief Executive Officer PT Astra International membuat banyak pihak merasa kehilangan. Karena semasa hidupnya Michael D. Ruslim memiliki prestasi yang sangat baik bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Beliau juga memil;iki banya ide dan cara agar PT Astra International dapat berkontribusi terhadap bangsa. Selain itu juga ia dapat melihat banyak kesempatan untuk berbisnis. sehingga ia tidak hanya bermain dalam duania bisnis otomotif saja tetapi juga dalam agrobisnis kelapa sawit. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Michael D. Ruslim menerapkan kata-kata don't put one egg in one basket, ia menerapkkannya agak ketika perusahaan otomotif sedang mengalami penurunan dapat ter-back up. disamping itu ia juga mempelopori program kampanye hijau Astra “satu karyawan, satu pohon” dengan menanam pohon kepel di kompleks Astra. Program ini diikuti dengan penanaman 116.867 pohon di seluruh Indonesia.Begitu banyak prestasi yang ia dapatkan ketika menjabat sebagai CEO Astra Internasional. Maka wajar saja kepergiannya membuat Indonesia kehilangan CEO idamannya.

Tugas ke-2

I. In the following sentences supply the articles (a, an, or the) if they are necessary. If no article is necessary, write Ø.

1.      Jason's father bought him a bicycle that he had wanted his birthday.

2.      the statue of liberty was a gift of friendship from Ø France to Ø United State.

3.      Rita is studying an English and a math this semester.

4.      the jugde asked the witness to tell the truth.

5.      Please give me a cup of Ø coffee with Ø cream and Ø sugar.

6.      the big books on the table are for my history class.

7.      When you go to the store, please buy a bottle of Ø chocolate milk and a dozen oranges.

8.      There are only the seats left for Ø tonight’s musical at the University.

9.      John and Mercy went to the school yesterday and then studied in Ø library before returning home.

10.  What did you eat for Ø breakfast this morning?

11.  Rita plays a violin and her sister plays a guitar.

12.  While we were in the Alaska, we saw an Eskimo village.

13.  the chair that you are sitting is broken.

14.  On our trip to the Spain, we crossed the Atlantic Ocean.

15.  Phil cannot go to the movies tonight because he has to write an essay.

II. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of other.

1.      This pen isn’t working. please give me another pen

2.      If you’re still thirsty, I’ll make another pot of coffee

3.      This dictionary has a page missing. Please give me the others

4.      He doesn’t need those books. He needs the others

5.      There are thirty people in the room. Twenty are from Latin America and the others are from another countries.

6.      Six people are in the store. Two were buying meat. The other was looking at magazines. Another was eating a candy bar. The others were walking around looking for more food

7.      This glass of milk is sour. Another glass of milk is sour too.

8.      The army was practicing its drills. One group was doing artily practice. Another was marching; another was at attention; and the other was practicing combat tactics.

9.      These are seven students from Japan. others are from Iran, and others are from another places.

10.  We looking at cars today. The first two we far too expensive, but another ones were reasonably priced

Tugas ke-1

Anna, English and Management

Siti Anna Istiana is my full name, but I usually called by my friends Anna or Nana. I was born on  Tegal, May 7th 1992. I first study in TK Islam Ar-Rohmah, and then SDN Duri Kosambi 09 Pagi after that SMP Negeri 205 Jakarta Barat next to Asshiddiqqiyah Islamic College II Batu Ceper Tangerang. And now i am studying in Gunadarma University Depok.

I think, my beautiful experience was born from my love of the English language. When my first class in junior High School had 2nd winner of news reading ( English Competition). Then when I was high school I had won (the runner up) AIC Idol. AIC Idol is an english competition to motivate students to active in English in y college. From that experience I often had chosen to be the formal MC at certain events. A few months afterwards I was selected a member of the CLI (Central Language Improvement) 2007/2008. I was also elected as secretary after going through several stages such as screening, fit and proper test, campaign and voting.

I got a lot of experience and lessons I learned from it all:
1. Visiting to the American embassy
2. Training of trainers in AIC Cijeruk Bogor
3. Teaching 1st class of  Junior High School

To be honest management was not my choice, it was my father choice. I actually want to choose majoring in International Relations or English literature. As long as I become a student college I understand that the importance of management and a lot of unemployment in Indonesia. This is what requires one to think that it could no longer be an employee-oriented but should create jobs for themselves and the crowd. Now I know what’s my father thinking about and I enjoy his recommended me management.

It has been long times for me do not speak English so it was rather difficult for me to write this task. In fact, I missed English and the experience. Let me repeat that victory again. A girl who likes chocolate so much wants to make her parents proud of her. I have some ambitions be a lecturer, anchor and entrepreneur. I hope that I want to finish studying in Gunadarma University this year. Aamiin..